LUGANO-COPENHAGEN – A phase III randomized controlled trial of custirsen in combination with cabazitaxel/prednisone in patients with previously-treated metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer has shown no significant survival gains compared to cabazitaxel/prednisone alone, according to data presented at the ESMO 2016 Congress in Copenhagen.
“Despite the negative outcome of the trial, the evaluation of custirsen in prostate cancer was conducted on the basis of solid preclinical and clinical evidence supporting anti-tumour activity,” said principal investigator Professor Karim Fizazi, head of the Department of Cancer Medicine at the Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
Custirsen blocks production of the protein clusterin, which is known to be involved in carcinogenesis and tumour growth, as well as contributing to treatment resistance.
A previous phase II trial of custirsen combined with chemotherapy in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer suggested inhibition of clusterin may lead to improved clinical outcome, and an earlier phase III trial of custirsen in combination with docetaxel suggested patients with more aggressive cancers may benefit from the combination.
In the AFFINITY trial, 635 patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer – who had previously been treated with docetaxel - were randomized to 21-day cycles of custirsen plus cabazitaxel/prednisone or cabazitaxel/prednisone plus placebo, until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or ten cycles.
Researchers saw no significant difference in overall survival between the custirsen and placebo arms of the study, with a median overall survival of 14.2 months in the custirsen arm and 13.4 months in the placebo arm (p = 0.529).
The same was observed in the 62% of patients who met the criteria for poor prognosis, where median overall survival was 11.1 months among those taking custirsen and 10.9 months in those in the placebo group.
Similar numbers of patients in each arm discontinued due to progressive disease – 28.9% in the custirsen arm and 25% in the placebo arm – while 21.9% of patients treated with custirsen and 18.9% of patients in the placebo arm discontinued due to adverse events.
The most frequently reported serious adverse events were neutropenia, anemia, fatigue, asthenia, bone pain, and febrile neutropenia.
“I am obviously disappointed with the results but am proud to have been involved in this program, and we will take the learnings of this trial to advance our knowledge of the disease in the hope to further advance care,” Fizazi said.
“Custirsen remains a viable candidate currently being evaluated for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, as failure in one tumour type does not predict the outcome of trials in other indications,” said Fizazi.
Commenting on the study, Dr Cora Sternberg, Chief of the Department of Medical Oncology at
San Camillo Forlanini Hospital in Rome, Italy, said “A number of approaches have been investigated to overcome resistance in prostate cancer, including the use of novel taxanes and tubulin inhibitors, and the inhibition of cell survival pathways.”
“Given the results observed using a taxane as either first-line or second-line chemotherapy in castration resistant prostate cancer, the hypothesis was that combination with custirsen may decrease taxane resistance and enhance the survival benefit of taxane therapy,” Sternberg said.
“There was a strong rationale for adding custirsen to chemotherapy to overcome resistance but unfortunately the final results were negative. We likely need even more robust biological molecular stratification before launching phase III trials,” concluded Sternberg.
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Notes to Editors
References
Abstract LBA9_PR “Final overall survival (OS) from the AFFINITY phase 3 trial of custirsen and cabazitaxel/prednisone in men with previously treated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)” presented by Professor Karim Fizazi during the Presidential Symposium 3, on Monday 10 October 2016, 16:30 to 18:10 (CEST) in Room Copenhagen.
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Abstract for LBA9_PR
Final overall survival (OS) from the AFFINITY phase 3 trial of custirsen and cabazitaxel/prednisone in men with previously treated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)
K. Fizazi1, S.J. Hotte2, F. Saad3, B. Alekseev4, V.B. Matveev5, A. Flechon6, G. Gravis7, F. Joly8, K.N. Chi9, Z. Malik10, P. Stewart11, C. Jacobs12, T.M. Beer13
1Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France, 2Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada, 3Urology, CRCUM-Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada, 4Urology/Oncology, N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation, 5Research, N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation, 6Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France, 7Medical Oncology, Institute Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France, 8Medical Oncology, Centre Francois Baclesse, Caen, France, 9Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver General Hospital University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 10Clinical Oncology, Clatterbridge Centre for Oncology NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, UK, 11Clinical Development, OncoGenex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bothell, WA, USA, 12Clinical Research, OncoGenex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bothell, WA, USA, 13Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
Background: Treatment failure is the major barrier to extending survival in patients (pts) with advanced cancer. Clusterin (CLU) is a cytoprotective protein upregulated by chemotherapy in cancer cells. Custirsen (C) inhibits CLU production in vivo. This international phase 3 study (AFFINITY; Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01578655) evaluated C in combination with cabazitaxel/prednisone (Cbz/P) in pts with mCRPC. Co-primary objectives were to evaluate overall survival (OS) in pts receiving Cbz/P/C compared to pts receiving Cbz/P alone for all randomized (ITT) pts and a poor prognosis subgroup.
Methods: Pts with progressive disease after docetaxel, adequate organ function, and Karnofsky score ≥70% were randomized to Cbz/P/C or Cbz/P. Treatment consisted of 21-day cycles of 25 mg/m2 IV Cbz on day 1 with 10 mg oral P daily with or without 640 mg IV C on days 1, 8, and 15 (plus 3 prior loading doses) until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or 10 cycles. Overall type I error probability (alpha) was one-sided 0.025, allocated as 0.01 and 0.015 for ITT and poor prognosis final analyses, respectively, with 85% power. Hypothesized HR for ITT was 0.75 at 547 events. Hypothesized HR for poor prognosis was 0.69 assuming 299 events.
Results: 635 men were randomized: median age 68 yrs, Karnofsky score ≤80% in 50%. Demographics and exposure to Cbz/P were similar for both arms. In ITT population (n=635), median OS was 14.2 mo on Cbz/P/C and 13.4 mo on Cbz/P (two-sided p=0.529; HR 0.946, 95% CI 0.796 – 1.124). 62% of pts (n=392) met criteria for poor prognosis; OS was 11.1 mo on Cbz/P/C (n=195) and 10.9 mo on Cbz/P (n=197) in this subset (p=0.470; HR 0.918, 95% CI 0.727 – 1.158). 28.9% of pts on Cbz/P/C and 25% on Cbz/P discontinued due to progressive disease, and 21.9% and 18.9% due to adverse events (AEs). Arms were comparable in ≥Grade 3 AEs (75.9% vs 66.3%) and SAEs (49.2% vs 42.3%). The most frequently reported ≥Gr3 AEs were neutropenia, anemia, fatigue, asthenia, bone pain, and febrile neutropenia.
Conclusions: In this phase 3 study, no survival benefit was seen in pts receiving Cbz/P/C compared to Cbz/P in both ITT population and poor prognosis subset.
Clinical trial identification: NCT01578655
Legal entity responsible for the study: OncoGenex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Funding: OncoGenex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Disclosure:
K. Fizazi: The author declares participation on advisory boards and honoraria from Orion, Bayer, Sanofi, Amgen, Genentech, Janssen, Astellas, and Takeda.
F. Saad: Grants from OncoGenex during the conduct of the study; grants and personal fees from Sanofi, grants and personal fees from Astellas, grants and personal fees from Janssen, grants and personal fees from Amgen outside the submitted work.
A. Flechon: Honoraria: Astellas, Janssen-Cilag, Sanofi, Ipsen Travel: Astellas, Janssen, Sanofi, MSD, Pfizer, Novartis, Bayer, Astra Zeneca.
F. Joly: Outside the submitted work: Grant received: Astellas Board, scientific expertise, and congress: Roche, Novartis Board, scientific expertise: Sanofi, Astra Zeneca Congress: Amgen.
P. Stewart: OncoGenex: Employee, stock ownership.
C. Jacobs: OncoGenex: Employee, executive leadership, stock ownership.
All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Keywords: custirsen, mCRPC, cabazitaxel, second-line treatment